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LearnDefend
Beginner Medium22 hours

Windows & Active Directory Administration

Build a working mental model of Windows — processes, the registry, users and permissions — then how Active Directory lets one team manage thousands of machines and identities. A core-technology foundation for IT operations, system administration, Cloud, DevOps and Security roles alike. Recommended prior knowledge: Cyber Foundations.

Recommended first:Cyber Foundations
Windows SecurityLog Analysis

What you will be able to do

  • Explain how a Windows machine is built — processes, services, the registry, the file system and the local security model — and inspect it from the command line and PowerShell.
  • Reason about identity and access: local vs domain accounts, groups and SIDs, NTFS and share permissions, and how logon and authentication work in Active Directory.
  • Understand how an organization manages Windows at scale — domains, OUs, Group Policy — and troubleshoot and audit a Windows system methodically from its logs.

Units

  1. 01

    Windows Foundations

    What a Windows system actually is: processes and how programs run, services that run in the background, the registry as the system's configuration database, the file system layout, and the local security model that decides who can do what.

    BeginnerAvailable

    Why you are learning this

    Every later unit — and every role that ever administers, secures or troubleshoots a Windows machine — assumes you can picture what is running, where configuration lives, and how the system decides what is allowed. This unit builds that picture from nothing.

    Unit contents3
  2. 02

    Working with Windows: Command Line & PowerShell

    How administrators actually drive Windows: navigating from the command line, the difference between the classic shell and PowerShell, why PowerShell works with objects rather than plain text, and using cmdlets to inspect a system reliably and repeatably.

    BeginnerAvailable

    Why you are learning this

    Clicking through windows does not scale and cannot be automated. The command line and PowerShell are how real administration, troubleshooting and automation get done — and how everything you inspect later in this path is actually retrieved.

    Unit contents3
  3. 03

    Users, Groups & Local Security

    How Windows identifies and authorizes people: local accounts and groups, the SID as the real identity behind a name, privileges and rights, User Account Control (UAC), and the principle of least privilege applied on a single machine.

    BeginnerAvailable

    Why you are learning this

    Almost every 'can this person do that?' question — and almost every privilege-escalation risk — comes down to accounts, groups, SIDs and privileges. This is the local identity model that Active Directory later scales to the whole organization.

    Unit contents3
  4. 04

    Files, NTFS Permissions & Shares

    How Windows controls access to data: NTFS permissions and access control lists, how permissions inherit down a folder tree, the difference between share permissions and NTFS permissions, and how to work out a user's effective access.

    BeginnerAvailable

    Why you are learning this

    Shared files are where organizations keep their work — and where 'why can they read that?' and data-exposure incidents happen. Reading an ACL and computing effective permissions is a daily administration and security skill.

    Unit contents4
  5. 05

    Active Directory Fundamentals

    What a directory service is and why organizations use one: the domain, tree and forest, organizational units (OUs) for structure, the objects AD stores (users, groups, computers), and the central role DNS plays in making it all findable.

    BeginnerAvailable

    Why you are learning this

    Active Directory is the backbone of identity in most organizations — one place that answers 'who are you and what may you access' for thousands of users and machines. Understanding its structure is the foundation of enterprise administration and security.

    Unit contents3
  6. 06

    Authentication & Access in Active Directory

    How a domain proves who you are and lets you reach resources: interactive vs network logon, the idea behind Kerberos tickets and where NTLM still appears, single sign-on, and how trusts extend access between domains.

    BeginnerAvailable

    Why you are learning this

    Authentication is where access begins and where many attacks live. A conceptual grasp of Kerberos, NTLM, logon types and trusts is what lets you reason about single sign-on, access failures, and the credential-based attacks that later security paths study in depth.

    Unit contents4
  7. 07

    Group Policy & Managing at Scale

    How one team configures thousands of machines consistently: what a Group Policy Object (GPO) is, how policies are scoped to sites, domains and OUs, the order in which they apply and win, and why central management beats touching every machine.

    BeginnerAvailable

    Why you are learning this

    Group Policy is how enterprise Windows is actually configured and secured at scale. Understanding GPO scope and precedence explains both 'why did this setting apply?' in administration and 'why is this hardening not taking effect?' in security.

    Unit contents3
  8. 08

    Operations: Logging, Auditing & Troubleshooting

    How to see what a Windows system is doing and fix it when it breaks: the Windows event logs and the key channels, what auditing records and why, and a repeatable method for troubleshooting a Windows or AD problem from its evidence.

    BeginnerAvailable

    Why you are learning this

    When something breaks or looks wrong on Windows, the event logs are the ground truth. Reading them and troubleshooting methodically is the daily core of Windows operations — and the exact evidence that SOC, detection, endpoint and DFIR roles later build on.

    Unit contents5

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