Skip to main content

Preview build: sign-in and grading run on the server. MFA is not enabled, and storage is in server memory so it does not survive a restart.

LearnDefend
Searching and Filtering
TheoryBeginner11 minLog AnalysisSIEM Operation

Keyword, Field and Boolean Search

What is it?

The first stage of a search selects events. You can match a keyword, but a precise search filters on fields (user=j.rai), compares values (bytes>1000000), and combines conditions with AND / OR / NOT and parentheses.

Why it matters

Boolean field filters are how you say exactly what you mean: 'failures for this user OR that user, but not from the VPN range'. Vague keyword searches return the wrong events and hide the right ones.

Where you see it

In the search bar: `sourcetype=auth user=j.rai (result=failure OR result=locked) NOT src=10.8.0.0/16`. Clicking a field value in the events list adds the same filter for you.

What normal looks like

A precise filter returns a small, on-topic set: only the events matching the exact fields and values your question is about.

What suspicious looks like

Not the filter itself — but a filter that returns far more or far less than expected usually means a field name is wrong or a boolean is mis-grouped. Check the query, not just the data.

How analysts investigate

State the condition in words, then translate: fields for the nouns, comparisons for the thresholds, AND/OR/NOT for the logic, parentheses for grouping. Read the result count as a sanity check.

Common beginner mistakes

  • Forgetting NOT binds tightly / OR loosely, so `a OR b AND c` is not what you meant — use parentheses.
  • Matching a keyword that also appears in unrelated events instead of pinning it to a field.

Say exactly what you mean

  vague:    failed login                      → matches any event containing those words
  precise:  sourcetype=auth result=failure    → only real failed-auth events
  boolean:  sourcetype=auth (result=failure OR result=locked)
            user=svc-* NOT src IN (10.8.0.0/16)
  parentheses group the OR so NOT applies to the whole thing
Filter on fields and combine with AND/OR/NOT; parentheses control how the logic groups.

Quick check

You want failures OR lockouts for admin accounts, excluding the VPN range. Which is right?

A quick self-check — it doesn't affect your XP or progress.

Sign in to save your progress on the server.