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TheoryBeginner10 minSIEM OperationLog Analysis

Shaping Results: fields, table, sort, dedup

What is it?

After selecting events, you shape them: `table` picks the columns to show, `fields` keeps/drops fields, `sort` orders rows, and `dedup` keeps one row per repeated value. These turn a raw event dump into a readable answer.

Why it matters

An investigation is only as good as its evidence table. Showing the right columns in the right order — and collapsing duplicates — is what lets you (and the next analyst) read the story at a glance.

Where you see it

`... | table _time, user, src, result | sort _time` produces a clean timeline. `... | dedup user | table user, last_seen` shows each user once.

What normal looks like

A good result table has few, meaningful columns, is sorted by time or by the metric you care about, and shows one row per entity when you deduped.

What suspicious looks like

Not the table — but be careful: `dedup` hides rows. If you dedup by user you can no longer count how many times each acted. Shape for the question you are answering.

How analysts investigate

Decide the columns that answer the question, `table` them, `sort` by time or the key metric, and `dedup` only when you truly want one row per entity — not when you still need the counts.

Common beginner mistakes

  • Using dedup when you actually needed a count — you lose the very frequency the investigation depends on.
  • Tabling twenty columns so the real evidence is lost in clutter.

From event dump to evidence table

  sourcetype=auth user=a.hakim
    | table _time, user, src, result   ← choose the columns
    | sort _time                        ← time order = a readable timeline
  result:
    _time                 user      src            result
    02:11:04  a.hakim   203.0.113.44   failure
    02:11:15  a.hakim   203.0.113.44   success   ← the failed-then-in story, at a glance
table + sort turn selected events into a readable, time-ordered evidence table.

Quick check

You want a clean, time-ordered timeline of one account's activity. Which pipeline?

A quick self-check — it doesn't affect your XP or progress.

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